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Main conclusionEnzymatic activities ofOryza sativaexpansins, which were heterologously overexpressed inEscherichia coli, were analyzed. Results suggested that expansins promote degradation of cellulose by cellulase in a synergistic manner. Abstract Sustainable production of future biofuels is dependent on efficient saccharification of lignocelluloses. Expansins have received a lot of...
Main conclusionImmunolabeling by using monoclonal antibodies showed that xylan deposition precedes the formation of 8-5′-linked structure of lignin in normal and compression woods ofChamaecyparis obtusa. Abstract Xylan deposition and formation of 8-5′-linked lignin structure in differentiating xylems from normal and compression woods in Chamaecyparis obtusa were examined by immunoelectron...
Main conclusionThe study is the first to reveal the proteomic response in plants to a single PAH stress, and indicates that NDPK3 is a positive regulator in the Arabidopsis response to phenanthrene stress. Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are highly carcinogenic pollutants that are byproducts of carbon-based fuel combustion, and tend to persist in the environment for long periods...
Increasing evidence shows that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) function as important regulatory factors during plant development, but few reports have examined lncRNAs in trees. Here, we report our genome-scale identification and characterization of lncRNAs differentially expressed in the xylem of tension wood, opposite wood and normal wood in Populustomentosa, by high-throughput RNA sequencing. We...
Main conclusionpF128 drivesGUS specifically expressed in transgenic seeds of foxtail millet and Zea mays with higher activity than the constitutiveCaMV35S promoter and the maize seed-specific19Z promoter. Abstract Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), a member of the Poaceae family, is an important food and fodder crop in arid regions. Foxtail millet is an excellent C4 crop model...
Caffeine is a metabolite of great economic importance, especially in coffee, where it influences the sensorial and physiological impacts of the beverage. Caffeine metabolism in the Coffea species begins with the degradation of purine nucleotides through three specific N-methyltransferases: XMT, MXMT and DXMT. A comparative analysis was performed to clarify the molecular reasons behind differences...
Main conclusionTaxonomically restricted genes are known to contribute to the evolution of new traits. InCraterostigma plantagineumtwo of such genes are modulated during dehydration and rehydration and seem to contribute to a successful recovery after desiccation. Abstract The resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum...
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) provides a good experimental system for studying the molecular and functional genomics underlying the ability of plants to defend themselves against microbial pathogens. Cell death is a genetically programmed response that requires specific host cellular factors. Hypersensitive response (HR) is defined as rapid cell death in response to a pathogen attack. Pepper plants...
Main conclusionmiRNAs are involved in the pollen development during the CMS occurrence in rice. Abstract miRNAs are 20–24 nt endogenously expressed small RNAs that play key roles in the regulation of many growth and developmental processes in plants. The knowledge on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) regulation by miRNAs in rice is rather limited. In this study, Illumina sequencing was employed...
Studies investigating the resistance–susceptibility of crop insects to proteins found in latex fluids have been reported. However, latex-bearing plants also host insects. In this study, the gut proteolytic system of Pseudosphinx tetrio, which feeds on Plumeria rubra leaves, was characterized and further challenged against the latex proteolytic system of its own host plant and those of other latex-bearing...
Main conclusionIn this study, we reported that a F-box protein, OsADF,as one of the direct targets ofTDR, plays a critical role in rice tapetum cell development and pollen formation. Abstract The tapetum, the innermost sporophytic tissue of anther, plays an important supportive role in male reproduction in flowering plants. After meiosis, tapetal cells undergo programmed cell death...
Main conclusionInAjuga reptans, raffinose oligosaccharides accumulated during winter. Stachyose, verbascose, and higher RFO oligomers were exclusively found in the vacuole whereas one-fourth of raffinose was localized in the stroma. Abstract The evergreen labiate Ajuga reptans L. can grow at low temperature. The carbohydrate metabolism changes during the cold phase, e.g., raffinose family...
Main conclusionSecondary cell wall-associatedCesAgenes inPopulushave undergone a functional differentiation in expression pattern that may be attributable to evolutionary alteration of regulatory modules. Gene duplication is an important mechanism for functional divergence of genes. Secondary cell wall-associated cellulose synthase genes (CesA4, CesA7 and CesA8) are duplicated in Populus...
Main conclusionEnoyl-[acyl carrier protein]-reductases from sunflower. Abstract A major factor contributing to the amount of fatty acids in plant oils are the first steps of their synthesis. The intraplastidic fatty acid biosynthetic pathway in plants is catalysed by type II fatty acid synthase (FAS). The last step in each elongation cycle is carried out by the enoyl-[ACP]-reductase, which reduces...
Main conclusionDividing tissue-targeted site-directed mutagenesis using RGEN of CRISPR/Cas system produces heritable mutations inArabidopsis thaliana. Abstract Site-directed genome engineering in higher plants has great potential for basic research and molecular breeding. Here, we describe a method for site-directed mutagenesis of the Arabidopsis nuclear genome that efficiently generates...
Main conclusionThe outcome of simultaneously increasing SPS and GS activities in transgenic tobacco, suggests that sucrose is the major determinant of growth and development, and is not affected by changes in N assimilation. Abstract Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are the major components required for plant growth and the metabolic pathways for C and N assimilation are very closely interlinked...
Continuous light induces a potentially lethal injury in domesticated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. Recently, continuous-light tolerance was reported in several wild tomato species, yet the molecular mechanisms underpinning tolerance/sensitivity are still elusive. Here, we investigated from which part of the plant continuous-light tolerance originates and whether this trait acts systemically...
Calcium (Ca2+) plays essential roles in plant sexual reproduction, but the sites and the mechanism of Ca2+ mobile storage during pollen–pistil interactions have not been fully defined. Because the Ca2+-buffering protein calreticulin (CRT) is able to bind and sequester Ca2+, it can serve as a mobile intracellular store of easily releasable Ca2+ and control its local concentration within the cytoplasm...
Main conclusionThe Ycf46 mutant ofSynechocystisshowed growth inhibition under low dissolved CO2conditions, suggesting a role for the Ycf46 protein in the process of photosynthetic CO2uptake and utilization. Abstract Hypothetical chloroplast open reading frame Ycf46 proteins are highly conserved in all cyanobacterial lineages and most algal chloroplast genomes, but their exact function...
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